早期腹腔鏡的起源

Diagnostic laparoscopy was first introduced in 1901, when Kelling, performed a peritoneoscopy in a dog and was called “celioscopy”. A Swedish internist named Jacobaeusc is credited with performing the first diagnostic laparoscopy on human in 1910. He described its application in patients with ascites and for the early diagnosis of malignant lesions.

Kelling also claimed to have performed two successful laparoscopic examinations on humans prior to Jacobaeus, but nonetheless failed to timely publish his experiences.

由于Jacobaeus報道了超過100例使用腹腔鏡和胸腔鏡治療的病人，因此他被認為是首次將腹腔鏡技術應用于人類的人。這反映了早期腹腔鏡技術的激烈競爭以及科學成果應及時報道的重要性！

 看完了爭做將腹腔鏡技術應用于人類的兩位先驅，我們來看看腹腔鏡手術中的器械。

Laparoscope and fiberoptic light cord.

腹腔鏡和光纖導線

Nondisposable laparoscopic lens: 0 degree, 5 mm; 25 degree, 5 mm;

 50 degree, 5 mm; 25 degree, 10 mm; and 50 degree, 10 mm.

可重復用的不同角度的鏡頭

Camera and light cord.

攝像頭和光纖連接線

1 port(套管) and 1 trocar(套管針), 5 mm × 100 mm, separated, then together; port and trocar together and then separated, 11 mm × 100 mm;1 Hasson trocar, 12 mm.

Left to right:

Nondisposable cautery cord(電極線);

instrument pan(器械盒) with 1 applied obturator(套管針) 5 mm × 100 mm;

3 applied cannulas(套管轉換器), 5 mm;

1 Verres needle stylet(氣腹針);

1 Verres needle, medium;

1 Nezhat dorsal plug;

1 applied obturator 10 mm × 100 mm;

3 applied cannulas(套管), 10 mm.

Bottom, in pan:

2 red port caps;

5 gray port caps;

1 red cap with pinhole;

1 gray cap with 3-mm hole;

1 male Luer-Lok adaptor.(配套的各種封閉帽)

Top to bottom:

A, NezhatDorsey L-shaped cautery with sheath below, (note A below has protective cover); (Nezhat-Dorsey L 形尖端帶鞘電凝鉤)

B, needle-tip suction, ; 針形尖端吸引管；

C, spatula cautery, ; 鏟形尖端電凝鉤；

D, spatula suction, ; 鏟形尖端吸引管；

E, L-hook cautery, ; L 形尖端電凝鉤

F, Marlow knot pusher, ; Marlow 推結器

G, Ranfac knot pusher, ; Ranfac 推結器

H, 10-mm and 5-mm Nezhat-Dorsey suction. (Tips shown below are enlarged.)(Nezhat-Dorsey 吸引管)

Top to bottom:

A, 2 Ligaclip appliers(夾鉗);

B, 2 tenaculums(持鉤鉗), 1 small with cautery(電凝鉤), 1 large on nondisposable handle.

Tips of Hunter bowel grasper (Glassman type), 5 mm: A, closed; B, open.（來放大看一下細節）

Top to bottom:

2 Hunter bowel graspers(腸抓鉗), 5 mm (Glassman type).

Bottom, left to right:

1 Everest bipolar cord(雙極電凝導線);

1 monopolar cord(單極電凝導線).

Tips of most of the instruments in the above rack:

A, 10-mm cup forceps;杯狀鉗

B, 5-mm grasper with teeth; 有齒抓鉗

C, 10-mm grasper with teeth;

D, Olsen clamp; 夾鉗

E, double-action grasper; 復動抓鉗

F, Hook scissors; 彎鉤剪

G, 5-mm Apple needle holder with left curve; 左彎持針器

H, 5-mm Babcock grasping forceps; 抓鉗

I, monopolar scissors, 5 mm × 32 mm; 單極剪

J, Maryland dissector.解剖鉗

Insufflation tubing and insufflation tubing with battery-operated 

suction/irrigator system.

氣腹管和電池驅動的氣腹管吸引或沖洗系統